Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease is a significant orthopedic condition that primarily affects young, small breed dogs. This condition involves the degeneration of the head of the femur (the ball of the hip joint), leading to hip joint inflammation and arthritis. The exact cause of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease is unknown, but it is believed to involve a disruption of blood supply to the femur, leading to bone death and subsequent regrowth that can alter the shape of the hip joint.

What is Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease?

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease, also known simply as Perthes disease, is a disorder of the hip joint notable for its impact on small breeds such as Yorkshire Terriers, Poodles, and Chihuahuas. Though it typically affects one hip, it can be bilateral in some cases. The disease's onset is generally between 4 to 12 months of age, and while the exact cause remains unclear, genetic factors may play a role.

Symptoms of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

Dogs suffering from Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease may exhibit several symptoms, including:

• Limping or lameness in one or both hind legs
• Pain when moving the hip joint
• Muscle wastage around the affected leg
• Decreased activity levels
• Difficulty in standing or jumping

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease involves a thorough physical examination by a veterinarian, along with radiographs (X-rays) of the hip joints. These images can reveal the degeneration of the femoral head and other changes associated with the disease.

Treatment Options

Treatment for Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease typically involves surgery to remove the affected femoral head and neck. This procedure, known as a femoral head ostectomy (FHO), alleviates pain and allows the dog to develop a fibrous joint that can provide functional mobility. Post-surgery rehabilitation, including physical therapy, is crucial for recovery and to regain strength and range of motion in the affected limb.

Living with Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease

With proper treatment and care, most dogs recover well from Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease and can enjoy a normal, active life. Key components of care include:

• Managing pain during the recovery process
• Engaging in recommended rehabilitation exercises
• Monitoring for any signs of complications or changes in mobility

Preventative Measures

Since the exact cause of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease is not fully understood, specific preventative measures are challenging to define. However, maintaining a healthy weight and providing a balanced diet can help support overall joint health.